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Objective:To study the effects of different drought conditions on the growth and photosynthetic physiological parameters of Acanthopanax senticosus，in order to provide the theoretical basis for standardized planting and rational development and utilization of A. senticosus. Method:In this study，three-year-old A. senticosus was used as experimental samples. The growth parameters，photosynthetic parameters，and photosynthetic physiological parameters were determined to study the effects of different drought conditions on the growth and photosynthesis of A. senticosus. Result:The plant height and leaf number were significantly lower than the control group under drought stress conditions，and the leaf area was higher than the control group under drought stress. Net photosynthetic rate，stomata conductance and transpiration rate were not significantly different between the control group and the moderate drought stress group. They were significantly decreased in the severe drought stress group，while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration increased with the severity of drought stress. With the treatment time，the initial fluorescence was higher in the severe drought stress group than in the control group，and the moderate drought stress group was lower than the control group，the maximum fluorescence was significantly lower in the severe drought stress group than in the control group， potential photochemical efficiency and maximum photochemical efficiency were significantly elevated in the moderate drought stress group. Conclusion:Drought stress can significantly inhibit the growth of A. senticosus. Severe drought conditions can significantly inhibit the photosynthesis of A. senticosus leaves. This effect is related to the regulation of stomatal size，but not related to the activity of photoreaction center.
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Objective::To investigate the effects of plant-soil feedback on secondary metabolites in roots, stems and leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus seedlings. Method::One-year-old seedlings of A. senticosus were planted in the soil where no A. senticosus had been planted before (group 1), soil where A. senticosus had been planted for 3 years (group 2), and soil where A. senticosus had been planted for many years in the greenhouse pot experiment, and the secondary metabolites of its roots, stems and leaves were then analyzed. Result::L-Phenylalanine, 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, syringin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, eleutheroside E, isofraxidin, rutin, hyperoside, and quercetin had significant differences in leaves and roots of A. senticosus seedlings in the soil of group 3, but there was no significant difference in chlorogenic acid and eleutheroside E in stem. Eleutheroside E, isofraxidin, rutin and hyperoside were not detected in the leaves of seedlings planted in group 3.Most of the secondary metabolites in the roots of A. senticosus seedlings showed positive feedback, while in the stems of Acanthopanax senticosus seedlings, caffeine, A. senticosus glycosides, hypericin and quercetin showed negative feedback, and most of the secondary metabolites in the leaves of A. senticosus seedlings showed positive feedback. Conclusion::The plant and soil showed different feedback in different parts of the growth process of A. senticosus seedlings, and the soil where A. senticosus had not been planted was more advantageous to the secondary metabolites of A. senticosus seedlings. The results of the study provide a basis for the study of the effect of plant-soil feedback on the A. senticosus, and provide the theoretical basis and technical support for the artificial cultivation of A. senticosus.
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Objective::To study the effect of plant-soil feedback on the antioxidant enzyme system of Acanthopanax senticosus seedlings, in order to elucidate the changes of plant-soil feedback on the antioxidant enzyme system of A. senticosus seedlings, and provide theoretical basis for revealing the reasons of plant-soil feedback. Method::Through the greenhouse pot experiment, plant height, leaf color value (SPAD), antioxidant enzymes [protein, superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), peroxidase(POD), aseorbateperoxidase(APX), malondialdehyde(MDA)] and yield and growth related indexes of soil without A. senticosus (group 1), soil with A. senticosus (group 2) for three consecutive years and soil with A. senticosus (group 3) for many years were measured respectively. Result::There were significant differences in plant height, SPAD, protein, SOD, CAT, POD, APX and MDA between seedlings of A. senticosus planted for three consecutive years (group 1), two successive years (group 2) and three successive years (group 3). The biomass, MDA, CAT, POD and SOD of A. senticosus seedlings in the soil without A. senticosus (group 1) were higher than those in the soil with A. senticosus (group 2 and 3), while the protein and APX were lower than those in the soil with A. senticosus (group 2 and 3). Conclusion::Plant and soil shows negative feedback regulation during the growth of A. senticosus seedlings, which reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Therefore, the soil without planting A. senticosus has more advantages for the growth of A. senticosus seedlings. The results provide a basis for explaining the effect of plant-soil feedback on the growth of A. senticosus, and a theoretical basis and technical support for the technical standards of A. senticosus cultivation in farmland.
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Objective::To study the effect of different N application rates on the growth and development of Acanthopanax senticosus and the changes of antioxidant enzyme activity, and screen out the suitable amount of nitrogen fertilizer for its growth and development, in order to provide scientific evidence for rational fertilization of Acanthopanax senticosus in artificial cultivation. Method::By single-point, single-factor field experiment, the study samples were one-year-old seedlings of growing evenly A. senticosus.Five nitrogen application treatment groups were set up in the fields.They were N1 (30 g·m-2), N2 (60 g·m-2), N3 (90 g·m-2), N4 (120 g·m-2), N5 (150 g·m-2) and CK (0 g·m-2) in the control group.Three months later, the raw weight of plant, root, leaf and stem were measured at harvest time.After drying to constant weight, plant dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight and root dry weight were measured.Fresh leaves of plants were collected to measure malondialdehyde(MDA) content and activities of catalase(CAT), superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), acid phosphatase(ACP) and aseorbateperoxidase(APX) after harvesting seedlings. Result::The biomass of A. senticosus in group N4 (120 g·m-2) was the highest, the protein content in group N3 (90 g·m-2) was the highest, and the activity of all antioxidant enzymes in group N3 (90 g·m-2) was the lowest. Conclusion::There is a dose-effect relationship between seedlings and the nitrogen application rate.That is to say, low nitrogen application rate and high nitrogen application rate will cause stress on Acanthopanax senticosus, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes under low nitrogen application rate is higher than that under high nitrogen application rate.
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Objective::To study the effect of different nitrogen application rates on the growth and carbon metabolism of Acanthopanax senticosus seedlings, and screen out the rational fertilization conditions, in order to provide basis and guidance for scientific fertilization of artificially cultivated A. senticosus. Method::A single-point, single-factor field experiment was conducted to study the seedlings of growing evenly A. senticosus.Five different nitrogen application treatment groups were set up to treat the seedlings, namely N1 group (30 g·m-2), N2 group (60 g·m-2), N3 group (90 g·m-2), N4 group (120 g·m-2), N5 group (150 g·m-2) and CK group (0 g·m-2), respectively.Three months later, plant height, root circumference, stem circumference, root-shoot ratio and SPAD were measured at harvest time.The contents of protein, sucrose, starch, soluble sugar and reducing sugar in fresh leaves were measured. Result::N3 treatment was the best treatment method for the growth and development of A. senticosus seedlings, and the growth of A. senticosus seedlings was the best under this treatment.The protein content of A. senticosus seedlings in N3 treatment was the highest.Starch and sucrose were best accumulated in N5 treatment group and CK treatment group.N5 treatment had the highest soluble sugar content and reducing sugar content. Conclusion::There is a dose-effect relationship between the growth and development of A. senticosus seedlings; that is to say, low and high nitrogen application treatments will cause stress on A. senticosus seedlings.In conclusion, the suitable nitrogen application rate for A. senticosus growth is 90-120 g·m-2.
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Objective::To study the correlation between endogenous hormone content, related enzyme activity and embryogenesis during the stratification of Acanthopanax senticosus seeds, and to provide theoretical basis for application of endogenous hormones and related physiological indicators in regulating germination of A. senticosus seeds in production and scientific research. Method::Endophytic fungi as well as different concentrations of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide solution were used for soaking the seeds of A. senticosus, and then thermophilic stratification was conducted for the seeds. The content of endogenous hormones such as gibberellin (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA), indole acetic acid (IAA), indole butyric acid (IBA) and salicylic acid (SA) in seeds of A. senticosus were tested by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the activity change of enzymes in vivo such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were tested. The correlation between the embryo rate and the hormones and their enzyme activities in the seeds of A. senticosus was studied by the grey correlation method. Result::The embryo rate was significantly positively correlated with IAA, GA3, and CAT, with correlation coefficient of 1.086, 0.935 and 1.067, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between IAA, GA3, CAT, IBA, and SA, but with a significant negative correlation with ABA, MDA, and POD. The correlation degree was as follows: IAA>CAT>GA3>IBA>SA>SOD>ABA>POD>MDA. Conclusion::IAA, GA3 and CAT have significant promoting effects on embryo rate, and there is a significant correlation between hormone content and enzyme activity, which provides a basis for exploring the seed germination mechanism of A. senticosus.
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Objective:To study the effect of different shading conditions on the growth and photosynthetic physiological parameters of Acanthopanax senticosus，and provide a theoretical basis for standardized planting and rational development and utilization of A. senticosus. Method:Three-year-old A. senticosus was used as the experimental sample.The growth parameters and photosynthetic physiological parameters of plant height，leaf number and leaf area were determined to study the effects of different shading conditions on the growth and photosynthesis of A. senticosus. Result:Plant height，leaf number，and leaf area were significantly higher in the shading treatment than in the control group，and highest under moderate shading conditions.The net photosynthetic rate，stomatal conductance，and transpiration rate were significantly higher in the moderate shading group than in the control group，and decreased in the severe shading group，while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration was significantly lower in the moderate shading group than in the other treatment groups.As the treatment time progressed，the initial fluorescence was not significantly higher in the moderate shading group than in the control group，but significantly higher in the severe shading group；the maximum fluorescence was significantly higher in the shading group than in the control group，in the moderate shading group.The potential photochemical efficiency and maximum photochemical efficiency were not significantly different between the moderate shading group and the control group and decreased in the severe shading group，which was significantly lower than other treatment groups. Conclusion:Shading treatment is beneficial to the growth of A. senticosus.The moderate shading condition can significantly improve the photosynthesis of A. senticosus.Severe shading treatment can significantly inhibit the photosynthesis of A. senticosus leaves.This effect is related to the regulation of stomatal regulation. The activity of the photoreaction center is related.
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Objective: To study the quality of Acanthopanax senticosus seedlings,develop grading standards and optimize the best analytical method. Method: Observing and measuring the plant height,diameter,leaf area,root length,chlorophyll content and other main agronomic traits of A. senticosus seedlings from different habitats(Baoqing,Qitaihe,Dongfanghong,Yilan,Acheng,Raohe Linkou and Yabuli) in each year. K-cluster grading method,principal component evaluation factor K-cluster analysis method,standard deviation method for grading,three classification methods were evaluated with different levels of seedling survival rate as indicators. Result: The direct K-cluster analysis method was used to determine the quality of A. senticosus seedlings as the best method. The seedlings of A. senticosus were divided into 3 grades,among in the first level the seedling height is ≥ 13 cm,the stem diameter is ≥ 0.37 cm,the root length is ≥ 8 cm,the leaf area is ≥ 28 cm2,the chlorophyll content is ≤ 31,the main origin is Baoqing,Qitaihe area. In the second level the seedling height is 8-13 cm,the stem diameter is 0.30-0.37 cm,the root length is 6-8 cm,the leaf area is 13-28 cm2,the chlorophyll content is 31-32,and the main origin is Acheng,Dongfanghong,Raohe area. In the third level the seedling height is 5-8 cm,the stem diameter is 0.26-0.30 cm,the root length is 5-6 cm,the leaf area is 5-13 cm2,the chlorophyll content is 32-38,and the main origin is Yabuli,Yilan and Linkou. Conclusion: In this experiment,the quality grading standards of A. senticosus seedlings were preliminarily established,Baoqing and Qitaihe can be used as a high-quality production area for breeding seeds in the Heilongjiang province.which provided the basis for quality evaluation of A. senticosus seedling planting and artificial cultivation.
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Objective: To investigate the effect of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on breaking the dormancy of Acanthopanax senticosus seeds and the changes in endogenous hormones and enzymes,and provide a basis for breaking the dormancy as well as artificial cultivation of A. senticosus seeds.Method: Different concentrations (1,5,10,20 mmol·L-1) of sodium nitroprusside (NO donor) were used to treat the A. senticosus seeds, and then thermophilic stratification was conducted. The content changes of endogenous hormones such as gibberellin (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA),indolo acetic acid (IAA),indolo butyric acid (IBA) and salicylic acid (SA) at different stratification time (0, 30, 50, 80, 100,130 d) were tested by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The activity change of its in vivo enzymes[catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and malondialdehyde (MDA)] were tested by enzyme-labeled instrument.Result: In the seed germination process of A. senticosus,the contents of GA3,IAA,IBA,and SA were increased gradually,while the content of ABA was reduced gradually. The enzyme activities of POD and MDA were significantly reduced,and the enzyme activities of CAT and SOD were increased obviously. Exogenous NO could increase the seed germination rate and shorten the seed germination time. The effect of 20 mmol·L-1 sodium nitroprusside showed the most obvious effect and 10 mmol·L-1 SNP showed the weakest effect in promoting seed germination,showing an obvious "V" shape for changes.Conclusion: Sodium nitroprusside could promote the seed germination effect of A. senticosus, probably by increasing the content of hormones and enzyme in the stage of seed germination and improving the contents of endogenous NO during germination.
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The present study was conducted to explore the effect of endophytic fungi fraction on growth and anti-oxidative activity of Eleutherococcus senticosus. The growth,yield,contents of MDA,and antioxidant activities were assessed in E. senticosus under five fungi fractions,namely BZ,MH,DT,JS,and XFZ. The results showed that fungi fractions and component significantly affected the growth,low concentration of DT fungi fraction significantly increased the biomass of E. senticosus,reduced the MDA content in cells,and the antioxidant activities of the aqueous extracts were superior to the others. The results indicated that low concentration of DT fungi fraction was the optimum fraction to achieve high yield and quality of E. senticosus.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants , Metabolism , Eleutherococcus , Metabolism , Fungi , Chemistry , Malondialdehyde , Metabolism , Oxidative StressABSTRACT
In order to develop and utilize the macrofungi in Heilongjiang province, numerous literatures have been investigated to make a comprehensive analysis of the number of known species of fungi in Heilongjiang province. There exists a total of 546 species of macrofungus in Heilongjiang province belonging to 53 families and 13 orders of 6 classes and 2 subdivisions. And its application value is classified, summarized and reviewed. Three hundred and twenty kinds of edible fungi, 214 species of fungi with medicinal value, medicinal value in the anti-cancer effects of 167 species of fungi, 141 wood rot fungi, 141 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi, 88 poisonous species, 67 macrofungus which are not clarified whether could be edible or toxic. It shows a broad prospects for development and utilization of macrofungus resources in Heilongjiang province.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide scientific basis for the selection of agrotype and property fertilization for Rumex gmelini cultivated in compliance with good agricultural practice (GAP).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>HPLC method was applied to determinate the content of seven active constituents (resveratrol, polydatin, chrysophanol 1-glucoside, nepodin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion) of annual R. gmelini. And the correlation between soil nutrients and content of active constituents in the root of R. gmelini were analyzed by stepwise regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Seven regression equation were established. The statistic significance was found in three of them.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The soil with high total K level is not suitable for R. gmelini cultivation. But the higher available N, available P, available K level of soil is suitable.</p>
Subject(s)
Anthraquinones , Ecosystem , Emodin , Fertilizers , Glucosides , Nitrogen , Phosphorus , Plant Roots , Chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Potassium , Regression Analysis , Rumex , Chemistry , Soil , StilbenesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a method used for optimization of harvesting time and determine the best time for harvesting Rumex gmelini.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>An HPLC method was applied to determinate the contents of seven active constituents(resveratrol, polydatin, chrysophanol 1-glucoside, nepodin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion)of R. gmelini at different development stage. The result was analyzed by principal component analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The accumulation of active constituents showed a regular pattern.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The best harvesting time of R. gmelini is early July.</p>